Spot It and Stop It: Know the ABCDEs of Skin Cancer Early

Skin cancer is the most common cancer globally, but it’s also one of the most treatable—if caught early. That’s where the ABCDEs come in. This easy-to-remember guide helps people detect melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. Use this method during monthly self-exams to monitor any new or existing moles. Regular skin checks can lead to early detection, which significantly improves treatment outcomes. If you notice anything unusual, don’t wait—consult a dermatologist promptly.

Skin Check 101: Learn the ABCDEs of Skin Cancer Detection 

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, but it’s also one of the most preventable with early detection. That’s where the ABCDEs come in—a simple guide to spotting the warning signs of melanoma. Here’s how each letter can help you monitor your skin and act fast. Knowing what to look for empowers you to take control of your health and potentially catch cancer before it spreads. The ABCDEs are especially useful during monthly self-exams or when checking moles that seem different from the rest. When in doubt, it’s always best to have a dermatologist take a closer look. 

1. A is for Asymmetry 

Healthy moles are symmetrical, meaning both halves look the same. If one side of a mole doesn’t mirror the other, it could be a warning sign of melanoma. Asymmetry suggests abnormal growth patterns and should be examined by a healthcare professional. When in doubt, check it out. 

2. B is for Border 

Benign moles usually have smooth, even borders. Watch for moles with irregular, ragged, or blurred edges—these are red flags. Borders that seem to spread or fade into surrounding skin may indicate malignant changes. A clearly defined shape is usually a good sign. 

3. C is for Color 

A consistent color is typical of non-cancerous moles. However, if a mole includes a mix of shades—brown, black, red, white, blue, or even gray—it should be examined. Uneven coloring or color changes over time can signal the presence of melanoma and should not be ignored. 

4. D is for Diameter 

Size matters when it comes to skin cancer. Moles larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser) are more likely to be problematic. That said, smaller moles can also be dangerous. Any mole that appears to be growing should be evaluated regardless of its initial size. 

5. E is for Evolving 

Change is perhaps the most critical warning. If a mole changes in size, shape, color, or elevation—or begins to itch, bleed, or crust over—see a dermatologist. The “E” in the ABCDEs of skin cancer is often the first sign people notice, making it essential for early detection. 

Understanding the ABCDEs of skin cancer empowers you to act early and seek timely care. During Skin Cancer Awareness Month in May, take a few minutes to inspect your skin or schedule a checkup. Prevention starts with education, and early action can mean the difference between life and loss. Be aware, be vigilant, and help spread the word.