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UAE Scientists Discover the Reason Behind Extreme Summer Heat in the Arabian Gulf

New research could help predict deadly marine heatwaves months in advance and protect coral reefs.

  • Publish date: since 3 hours Reading time: two min read
UAE Scientists Discover the Reason Behind Extreme Summer Heat in the Arabian Gulf

The Arabian Gulf is already known as the hottest sea on Earth during summer, but now UAE scientists are revealing why some summers go off the charts. Their findings could give authorities months of warning before dangerous marine heatwaves hit — a major boost for protecting marine life, coral reefs, and fisheries.

Why Some Summers Get Scorching

Researchers at the Mubadala ACCESS Center at NYU Abu Dhabi combined decades of observations with advanced ocean modeling to find the culprit behind extreme Gulf heat.

It turns out two key wind systems shifting at the same time triggers these heatwaves. The northwesterly Shamal winds weaken, while the Indian summer monsoon strengthens, boosting atmospheric moisture over the Gulf. This traps heat at the ocean’s surface and pushes sea temperatures dangerously high.

Big Climate Patterns Make It Worse

The hottest Gulf summers aren’t random. Large-scale climate patterns like La Niña — when the tropical Pacific Ocean cools — and a weaker North Atlantic Oscillation combine to amplify heatwaves. When these patterns align, the Gulf experiences its most intense marine heat events.

“This is surprising,” said lead researcher Zouhair Lachkar. “Unlike other oceans, where heatwaves come from clear skies and sunshine, the Gulf heats up under humid, hazy conditions. And here, it’s La Niña — not El Niño — that drives extreme warming.”

Early Warnings Can Save Ecosystems

The study’s practical impact is huge. By understanding these drivers, scientists and policymakers could forecast marine heatwaves two to three months in advance. That gives coastal managers crucial time to monitor vulnerable ecosystems, protect coral reefs, and safeguard fisheries before damage occurs.

“Our goal is to produce research that matters locally but has global impact,” said John Burt, co-director of the Mubadala ACCESS Center. “These findings give advance notice that could make all the difference for the region’s marine life.”

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